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1 tend
I [tend] гл.1)а) иметь тенденцию (к чему-л.); клониться, склоняться (к чему-л.)to tend to / towards radicalism — склоняться к радикализму
to tend to the same conclusion— склоняться к тому же решению
they tended to regard the Watergate affair as a fractional plot — они склонны были рассматривать уотергейтское дело как фракционный заговор
he tends to use the substandard language — у него склонность к просторечному языку / к использованию просторечных выражений /
It is difficult to say where society is tending. — Трудно сказать, в какую сторону развивается общество.
б) тяготеть, иметь склонность (к чему-л.)to tend to be optimistic — склоняться к тому, чтобы быть оптимистом
woolens that tend to shrink — шерстяные изделия, которые садятся
Syn:2) иметь в себе элементы (чего-л.)his portraits tend towards caricature — в его портретах заметна склонность к шаржу / есть элементы шаржа
such an approach tends to result in a fragmented argument — такой подход чреват несистематичностью аргументации
3)а) направляться; вести в определённом направлении (о дороге, курсе и т. п.)4) мат. стремитьсяII [tend] гл.1)а) заботиться (о ком-л.); ухаживать; присматриватьSyn:б) уделять внимание (кому-л. / чему-л.); посвящать себя (кому-л., чьей-л. проблеме)2)а) обслуживать (машину и т.д.)б) прислуживать (кому-л.)•Syn:serve 2.3) вести какое-л. дело, руководить (чем-л.)4) уст. слушать, прислушиваться, выслушиватьSyn:listen 2. -
2 tend
A vtr soigner [patient] ; garder [animals] ; entretenir [garden] ; surveiller [fire] ; s'occuper de [stall, store].B vi1 ( incline) to tend to do [person, event] avoir tendance à faire ; to tend upwards/downwards avoir tendance à monter/baisser ; to tendtowards sth [tastes, views] pencher vers qch ; I tend to think that j'inclinerais à penser que ; it tends to be the case c'est en général le cas ; things are tending in that direction les choses vont dans cette direction ; to tend the other way prendre le contrepied ;2 ( look after) to tend to soigner [patient] ; s'occuper de [guests] ; to tend to sb's needs veiller aux besoins de qn. -
3 tend
I 1. III1) tend smb. tend the sick (the wounded, a child, an invalid, etc.) ухаживать /присматривать, ходить/ за больными и т.д.; she tended the baby она нянчила ребенка2) tend smth., smb. tend a /the/ fire поддерживать огонь; we hired a boy to tend the furnace мы наняли мальчика следить за топкой; tend a machine обслуживать машину; tend [а flock of] sheep пасти [стадо] овец3) tend smth. usually USA tend shop (store) вести дела в лавке (магазине)2. XVItend to smth. stop talking and tend to your work перестаньте болтать и займитесь своим деломII 1. Iwhere do these plans tend? на что направлены эти планы?2. II1) prices are tending upwards цены ползут вверх2) the road tends downwards (south) дорога идет вниз (ведет на юг)3. III|| it tends this way тенденция здесь такова4. XIIItend to do smth. tend to overturn (to shrink, to undermine morality, to improve working conditions, to settle nothing, to unite, to pitch the ball too high, to accept the truth eagerly, etc.) иметь тенденцию переворачиваться и т.д.; the situation tends to become less acute положение [дел], видимо, станет менее напряженным; а starchy diet tends to make one fat пища, содержащая крахмал, способствует полноте; the sky tended to become darker небо становилось все темнее; he tends to be lazy (to be cruel, to be sad, to become tedious, etc.) он склонен к лени и т.д.; too much smoking tends to injure the voice злоупотребление курением может плохо отразиться на голосе; she tends to exaggerate her achievements она склонна преувеличивать свои достижения /успехи/5. XVI1) tend to /toward/ smth. tend to the same conclusion (towards centralization, towards selfishness, towards socialism, towards conservatism, etc.) склоняться к тому же выводу и т.д.; he tends to cruelty он склонен /имеет склонность/ к жестокости; tend to the success of an enterprise (to improved working conditions, to smb.'s benefit, to smb.'s vindication, etc.) приводить к /способствовать/ успеху предприятия и т.д.; it tends rather to confusion than to clearness это ведет скорее к путанице, чем к ясности; blue tending to green голубизна, переходящая в зеленый цвет; these portraits tend toward caricature эти портреты похожи на карикатуру2) tend to /towards/ smth. tend to the beach (towards the coast, etc.) идти /вести/ к пляжу и т.д.; the coastline tends to the south here береговая линия здесь идет /направляется/ на юг; tend in some direction tend in our direction направляться к нам, идти в нашем направлении; tend in the direction of the town идти /вести/ к городу -
4 tend
I [tend] v1. 1) ухаживать, заботиться, присматривать; ходить ( за больными)to tend one's plants [the sick] - ухаживать за растениями [за больными]
2) стеречьto tend sheep [the flock] - пасти овец [стадо]
3) обслуживать (машину, агрегат и т. п.)4) (to) заниматься (кем-л.)we employed a girl to tend to the children for a few hours every day - мы наняли девушку сидеть с детьми по несколько часов каждый день
5) уст. уделять внимание; следить, смотретьto tend to business - смотреть за делами, вести дела
2. управлять, стоять во главеto tend store - вести дела магазина, управлять магазином
3. 1) (on, upon) прислуживатьto tend on smb. - прислуживать за столом кому-л.
2) диал. обслуживать, служить4. диал., амер. присутствоватьto tend (out) on /to/ church - посетить церковь
5. уст. ждать, ожидать; дожидатьсяII [tend] vyour servants tend ( Shakespeare) - слуги ждут (твоих распоряжений)
1. 1) иметь тенденцию; клониться (к чему-л.)it tends to become cold - дело идёт к похолоданию; вероятно, похолодает
smoking tends to injure the voice - курение может плохо отразиться на голосе
serious controversy tends to be studiously avoided - авторы старательно избегают /хотят во что бы то ни стало избежать/ серьёзных споров
2) стремитьсяfarms tend to use more machinery now - сейчас на фермах стремятся шире использовать (сельскохозяйственную) технику
2. 1) иметь склонность, быть склоннымto tend to /towards/ radicalism [to the same conclusion] - склоняться к радикализму [к тому же решению]
they tended to regard the Watergate affair as a fractional plot - они склонны были рассматривать уотергейтское дело как фракционный заговор
he tends to use the substandard language - у него склонность к просторечному языку /к просторечию/
2) иметь свойствоwoolens that tend to shrink - шерстяные изделия, которые садятся
3) иметь в себе элементы (чего-л.)his portraits tend towards caricature - в его портретах заметна склонность к шаржу /есть элементы шаржа/
such an approach tends to result in a fragmented argument - такой подход чреват несистематичностью аргументации
3. 1) направляться2) идти, вести (о дороге, цепи событий)5. мат. стремиться -
5 tend
1. v ухаживать, заботиться, присматривать; ходить2. v стеречь3. v заниматьсяwe employed a girl to tend to the children for a few hours every day — мы наняли девушку сидеть с детьми по несколько часов каждый день
4. v уст. уделять внимание; следить, смотретьto tend to business — смотреть за делами, вести дела
5. v управлять, стоять во главеto tend store — вести дела магазина, управлять магазином
6. v прислуживать7. v диал. обслуживать, служить8. v диал. амер. присутствовать9. v уст. ждать, ожидать; дожидаться10. v иметь тенденцию; клонитьсяit tends to become cold — дело идёт к похолоданию; вероятно, похолодает
11. v иметь склонность, быть склонным12. v иметь свойствоwoolens that tend to shrink — шерстяные изделия, которые садятся
13. v иметь в себе элементы14. v направляться15. v идти, вести16. v мор. перемещаться по ветру или течению17. v мат. стремитьсяСинонимический ряд:1. be inclined (verb) be apt to; be disposed; be in the habit of; be inclined; be wont to; gravitate toward; have a tendency; incline towards2. care for (verb) administer to; attend; attend to; care for; guard; keep; look after; manage; mind; minister to; protect; see to; sit with; take care of; watch; watch over3. contribute (verb) conduce; contribute; redound4. lean (verb) be predisposed; incline; lean; look; slant; squint toward; trend5. work (verb) cultivate; culture; dress; till; workАнтонимический ряд: -
6 tend
tend [tend]• to tend to... avoir tendance à...• I tend to think that... j'ai tendance à penser que...( = take care of) [+ invalid] soigner ; [+ garden] entretenir* * *[tend] 1.transitive verb soigner [patient]; entretenir [garden]; s'occuper de [stall, store]2.1) ( incline)2) ( look after)to tend to — soigner [patient]; s'occuper de [guests]
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7 tend
̈ɪtend I гл.
1) а) иметь тенденцию( к чему-л.) ;
клониться( к чему-л.) prices are tending upwards ≈ цены растут б) склоняться, тяготеть, иметь склонность( к чему-л.) to tend to exaggerate ≈ быть склонным преувеличивать
2) иметь в себе элементы( чего-л.) blue tending to green ≈ голубой с оттенком зеленого
3) а) направляться;
вести в определенном направлении (о дороге, курсе и т. п.) б) мор. перемещаться по ветру или течению (о корабле, стоящем на якоре)
4) мат. стремиться II гл.;
сокр. от attend
1) заботиться( о ком-л.) ;
ухаживать Syn: nurse
2) обслуживать( покупателей, машину и т.д.) ухаживать, заботиться, присматривать;
ходить( за больными) - to * one's plants ухаживать за растениями - to * the fire поддерживать огонь стеречь - to * sheep пасти овец обслуживать (машину, агрегат и т. п.) - to * a lock обслуживать шлюз - to * a furnace работать кочегаром (на судне) (to) заниаться (кем-л.) - we employed a girl to * to the children for a few hours every day мы наняли девушку сидеть с детьми по несколько часов каждый день( устаревшее) уделять внимание;
следить, смотреть - to * to business смотреть за делами, вести дела управлять, стоять во главе - to * store вести дела магазина, управлять магазином прислуживать - to * on smb. прислуживать за столом кому-л (диалектизм) обслуживать, служить( диалектизм) (американизм) присутствовать - to * (out) on church посетить церковь( устаревшее) ждать, ожидать;
дожидаться - your servants * слуги ждут (твоих распоряжений) иметь тенденцию;
клониться (к чему-л.) - it *s to become cold дело идет к похолоданию;
вероятно, похолодает - smoking *s to injure the voice курение может плохо отразиться на голосе - prices are *ing upwards цены ползут вверх - fruit *s to decay фрукты начинают гнить - serious controversy *s to be studiously avoided авторы старательно избегают серьезных споров стремиться - farms * to use more machinery now сейчас на фермах стремятся шире использовать( сельскохозяйственную) технику иметь склонность, быть склонным - to * to radicalism склоняться к радикализму - he *s to exaggerate он склонен преувеличивать - they *ed to regard the Watergate affair as a factional plot они склонны были рассматривать уотергейтское дело как фракционный заговор - he *s to use the substandard language у него склонность к просторечному языку иметь свойство - woolens that * to shrink шерстяные изделия, которые садятся иметь в себе элементы (чего-л.) - blue *ing to green голубой (цвет) с оттенком зеленого - his portraits * towards caricature в его портретах заметна склонность к шаржу - such an approach *s to result in a fragmented argument такой подход чреват несистематичностью аргументации направляться идти, вести ( о дороге, цепи событий) - the road *s south догора ведет на юг( морское) перемещаться по ветру или течению (о корабле, стоящем на якоре) (математика) стремиться ~ иметь склонность (к чему-л.) ;
he tends to exaggerate он склонен (все) преувеличивать ~ иметь тенденцию (к чему-л.) ;
клониться (к чему-л.) ;
it tends to become cold at night вероятно, к ночи похолодает tend (сокр. от attend) заботиться (о ком-л.) ;
ухаживать (за больным, за растениями и т. п.) ~ иметь склонность (к чему-л.) ;
he tends to exaggerate он склонен (все) преувеличивать ~ иметь тенденцию (к чему-л.) ;
клониться (к чему-л.) ;
it tends to become cold at night вероятно, к ночи похолодает ~ направляться;
вести в определенном направлении (о дороге, курсе и т. п.) ~ обслуживать;
to tend shop амер. обслуживать покупателей -
8 tend
I 1. [tend]verbo transitivo curare, prendersi cura di [ patient]; coltivare, lavorare [ garden]; badare a [ store]2.to tend to — curare, prendersi cura di [ patient]; occuparsi di [ guests]
II [tend]to tend to sb.'s needs — provvedere alle esigenze di qcn
to tend towards sth. — [ views] propendere verso qcs.
* * *I [tend] verb(to take care of; to look after: A shepherd tends his sheep.)- tenderII [tend] verb1) (to be likely (to do something); to do (something) frequently: Plants tend to die in hot weather; He tends to get angry.)2) (to move, lean or slope in a certain direction: This bicycle tends to(wards) the left.)•- tendency* * *I 1. [tend]verbo transitivo curare, prendersi cura di [ patient]; coltivare, lavorare [ garden]; badare a [ store]2.to tend to — curare, prendersi cura di [ patient]; occuparsi di [ guests]
II [tend]to tend to sb.'s needs — provvedere alle esigenze di qcn
to tend towards sth. — [ views] propendere verso qcs.
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9 tend
I tend verb(to take care of; to look after: A shepherd tends his sheep.) passe (på), gjete- tenderII tend verb1) (to be likely (to do something); to do (something) frequently: Plants tend to die in hot weather; He tends to get angry.) pleie (å), være tilbøyelig til2) (to move, lean or slope in a certain direction: This bicycle tends to(wards) the left.) helle mot•- tendencypleie--------røkteIverb \/tend\/1) pleie, bruke, ha for vane2) bevege seg, vise en tendens, være tilbøyelig, gå i en gitt retningIIverb \/tend\/1) passe, stelle, skjøtte, se til2) vokte, gjete3) ( sjøfart) stå klar, passe på4) (amer.) drive, arbeide itend up on ( gammeldags) betjene, varte opp, ta seg avtend store (amer.) stå i butikk, drive butikktend to (spesielt amer., hverdagslig) passe, se til, ta hånd omtend to\/towards ( om person) være tilbøyelig til, vise en tendens til, ha lett for å virke i retning av peke mot, helle til, helle motdette er en blåfarge som heller mot grønt røre seg (i retning) mot, streve motmedvirke til, bidra til, føre til ha til hensikt, tjene tiltend to do something ha en tendens til å gjøre noe være egnet til å gjøre noe -
10 flock
̈ɪflɔk I
1. сущ.
1) клок;
пучок( шерсти, волос или ваты;
тж. шерстяные или хлопчатобумажные очески, используемые для набивания матрацев и т.п.)
2) текст. флок, короткое волокно для флокирования
2. гл.
1) набивать матрацы, подушки и т.п. шерстью, ватой и т.п.
2) техн. покрывать флоком II
1. сущ.
1) стадо;
стая to tend a flock of sheep ≈ пасти стадо овец flock of geese ≈ стая гусей
2) толпа (людей) ;
группа( руководимая лидером) a noisy flock of tourists ≈ шумная толпа туристов Syn: throng, croud
3) церк. паства
2. гл. стекаться;
приходить толпой, собираться толпами, стаями The children flocked round their mother. ≈ Дети столпились вокруг матери. The crowd flocked around the speaker. ≈ Вокруг выступающего собралась толпа. Customers flocked into the store. ≈ Покупатели стекались в лавку. Hundreds of people are flocking to the football match. ≈ Сотни людей идут толпами на футбольный матч. flock after flock together стадо;
стая (птиц) ;
отара( овец) - a * of wild ducks стая диких уток - *s and herds овцы и рогатый скот толпа, скопление людей - a * of visitors толпа посетителей - to come in *s стекаться толпами, валить толпой дети( в семье) - the flower of the * краса /украшение/ семьи ученики (ученого, философа и т. п.) (церковное) паства (редкое) собрание, комплект - a * of pamphlets стопка брошюр > to stray from the * отбиться от стада;
сбиться с пути истинного > to fire into the wrong * (американизм) попасть пальцем в небо > it is a small * that has not a black sheep в семье не без урока стекаться, скапливаться, собираться толпой - to * about smb. толпиться вокруг кого-л., обступить кого-л. - to * after smb. толпой следовать за кем-л. держаться вместе, сбиться в кучу (тж. * up) валить толпой - people *ed to the cities народ повалил в города - the door opened and the public *ed in дверь открылась и публика стала входить гурьбой пушинка;
клочок шерсти;
пучок (волос) pl грубая шерсть;
(текстильное) очески набивать (пухом, шерстью, волосом) ~ стекаться;
держаться вместе;
the children flocked round their teacher ребята окружили учителя ~ толпа;
группа;
to come in flocks приходить толпами flock церк. паства ~ пушинка;
клочок;
пучок (волос) ~ стадо (обыкн. овец) ;
стая (обыкн. птиц) ;
flocks and herds овцы и рогатый скот;
the flower of the flock перен. краса, украшение семьи ~ стекаться;
держаться вместе;
the children flocked round their teacher ребята окружили учителя ~ толпа;
группа;
to come in flocks приходить толпами ~ pl шерстяные или хлопчатобумажные очески ~ стадо (обыкн. овец) ;
стая (обыкн. птиц) ;
flocks and herds овцы и рогатый скот;
the flower of the flock перен. краса, украшение семьи ~ стадо (обыкн. овец) ;
стая (обыкн. птиц) ;
flocks and herds овцы и рогатый скот;
the flower of the flock перен. краса, украшение семьи -
11 flock
[flɔk] I 1. сущ.1)а) клок; пучок (шерсти, волос, ваты)б) очёски (для набивания матрацев; шерстяные или хлопчатобумажные)2) текст. флок, короткое волокно для флокирования2. гл.1) набивать матрацы, подушки2) тех. покрывать флокомII 1. сущ.1) стадо; стая2) группа ( руководимая лидером), пастваSyn:3) толпа (людей), масса, большое количество (чего-л.)2. гл.; = flock togetherстекаться; приходить толпой, собираться толпамиto flock after smb. — толпой следовать за кем-л.
The children flocked round their mother. — Дети столпились вокруг матери.
The crowd flocked around the speaker. — Вокруг выступающего собралась толпа.
Customers flocked into the store. — Покупатели толпами валили в лавку.
Hundreds of people are flocking to the football match. — Сотни людей стекаются на футбольный матч.
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12 tienda
Del verbo tender: ( conjugate tender) \ \
tienda es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativoMultiple Entries: tender tienda
tender ( conjugate tender) verbo transitivo 1 ‹ ropa› ( afuera) to hang out; ( dentro de la casa) to hang (up); 2 ‹ mantel› to spread; ‹ mesa› to lay, set 3 ( suspendido) to hang 4 ‹ emboscada› to lay, set; ‹ trampa› to set verbo intransitivo ( inclinarse) tienda a hacer algo to tend to do sth; tenderse verbo pronominal ( tumbarse) to lie down
tienda sustantivo femenino 1 (Com) ( en general) store (esp AmE), shop (esp BrE); tienda de comestibles or (AmC, Andes, Méx) abarrotes grocery store (AmE), grocer's (shop) (BrE) 2 (Dep, Mil, Ocio) tb poner or montar una tienda to put up o pitch a tent; desmontar una tienda to take down a tent
tender
I verbo transitivo
1 (la ropa) to hang out
2 (tumbar) to lay: la tendimos en el sofá, we laid her on the sofa
3 (extender, desplegar) to spread: tendió la manta en el suelo, he streched the blanket out on the floor
4 (cables, una vía) to lay (puente) to build
5 (ofrecer) to hold out: me tendió la mano, he held out his hand (alargar, aproximar) to pass, hand
6 (una emboscada, trampa) to set
II verbo intransitivo to tend [a, to]: tiende a ser pesimista, he is prone to pessimism
tienda sustantivo femenino
1 Com shop, US store: tienda de comestibles o ultramarinos, grocer's (shop), US grocery
tienda de regalos, gift shop
tienda libre de impuestos, dutyfree shop
2 tienda de campaña, tent ' tienda' also found in these entries: Spanish: abarrotería - abrir - alfarería - almacén - amarrar - antigüedad - aparador - asaltar - barrio - bodega - caja - camisería - carpa - cristalería - despachar - desvalijar - escaparate - expositor - expositora - informatización - instalar - lavabo - lencería - luna - negocio - papelería - pedir - peletería - perfumería - premamá - presupuesto - puesta - puesto - relojería - saquear - saqueo - sillería - sombrerería - tapicería - trapería - ultramarinos - venir - a - abarrotes - anticuario - armar - asalto - atención - atender - autoservicio English: around - browse - caller - chain store - counter - curio - dairy - deal with - delicatessen - department - duty-free - establishment - expand - fitting - fix-it - flagship - flap - florist - footwear - good - grocer - grocery - haberdashery - interest - junk shop - lock up - look round - loot - lower - man - open - paper shop - peg - pitch - processing - return - salesman - saleswoman - serve - set up - shop - short-change - stock - store - tent - window - antique - bound - cash - chain -
13 keep
1. n разг. прокорм, питание, содержание2. n разг. запас кормов для скота, фуражthis grass will make some useful keep for the winter — эту траву можно использовать зимой в качестве корма
keep in store — держать про запас; хранить
3. n разг. редк. упитанность4. n разг. l5. n разг. право оставить себе выигранноеto keep law current — модернизировать право, закон
6. n разг. игра на интерес7. n разг. ист. центральная, хорошо укреплённая часть или башня средневекового замка; крепостьkeep down — продолжать сидеть или лежать, не вставать
8. n разг. тех. контрбукса9. n разг. горн. кулаки для посадки клетиit is yours for keeps — можете считать это своим, дарю это вам
10. v держать, иметь, хранитьkeep informed — держать в курсе; осведомлять
keep up with — держаться наравне; идти в ногу
11. v не выбрасывать, беречь; оставлять12. v не возвращать, оставлять себеwhat I have won fairly I intend to keep — то, что я честно добыл, я не собираюсь отдавать
13. v держать, содержать14. v иметь в услуженииkeep in mind — помнить; учитывать; иметь в виду
15. v содержать, обеспечиватьkeep a shop — заниматься торговлей; держать магазин
keep her steady!, steady as you go! — так держать!
16. v иметь на содержанииto keep a mistress — содержать любовницу; иметь содержанку
17. v иметь в продаже, в ассортиментеto keep eggs — иметь в продаже яйца, торговать яйцами
18. v задерживать, не отпускать19. v удерживать, не выпускатьkeep hold of — удерживать; удержать
keep back money — удерживать деньги; вычитать деньги
20. v охранять, защищать; удерживать21. v сохраняться, не портитьсяto keep alive — поддерживать, сохранять
22. v хранить, сохранять, не давать портитьсяto keep silence — молчать, хранить молчание
23. v сохранять новизну, не устареватьto keep a bright lookout — быть начеку, сохранять бдительность
Синонимический ряд:1. jail (noun) bastille; bridewell; brig; cooler; coop; freezer; guardroom; jail; jug; lockup; pen; penitentiary; reformatory; rock pile; skookum-house; slammer; stockade2. living (noun) alimentation; alimony; board and room; bread; bread and butter; food; livelihood; living; maintenance; salt; subsistence; support; sustenance; upkeep3. prison (noun) cage; cell; dungeon; prison; stronghold; tower4. care for (verb) care for; supervise; tend5. conduct (verb) carry on; conduct; direct; manage; operate; ordain; run6. conserve (verb) conserve; preserve7. continue (verb) continue; endure; persist8. hold (verb) detain; hold; hold back; keep back; keep out; reserve; retain9. keep from (verb) hinder; keep from; prevent; stop10. last (verb) last; stay11. maintain (verb) maintain; provide for; support12. mind (verb) abide by; adhere; comply; conform; follow; mind; obey13. observe (verb) celebrate; commemorate; consecrate; honor; honour; observe; respect; sanctify; solemnise; solemnize14. refrain (verb) abstain; forbear; hold off; refrain; withhold15. restrain (verb) bit; brake; bridle; check; coarct; constrain; crimp; curb; hold down; hold in; inhibit; pull in; rein; restrain16. retain (verb) retain; stay with17. save (verb) lay aside; lay away; lay by; lay in; put by; salt away; save; set by18. stock (verb) carry; have; stock19. store (verb) stash; storeАнтонимический ряд:acquit; betray; cede; consume; depart; deplete; desert; desist; destroy; discard; discontinue; dismiss; disobey; disperse; dispose of; encourage; release -
14 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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15 price
1. сущ.1) эк. цена (денежное выражение стоимости товара, т. е. количество денежных единиц, которое должно быть уплачено за единицу товара; термин также может относиться к количеству другого товара, которое необходимо отдать в обмен на данный товар)ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), adjustable 1. 2), adjusted 1. 1), administered 1. 1), 1. 2), arm's length, base 3. 2), base period, basic 3. 5), best 2. 5), budget 3. 2), n1&g1n1а clean 1. 1), comparable, competitive 1. 1), &2а current 1. 2), depressed 1. 2), а dirty 1. 1), discount 1. 1), а domestic 1. 2) а), dutiable, duty-paid, fair 2. 5), n1 final 1. 2), firm II 1. 1) б), fixed II 1. 4) б), flat 2. 5), n2&g2n4 flexible 1. 2), б full 1. 2), going, graduated 1. 2), gross II 1. 3) а), internal II 1. 2) а), negotiable 1. 2), negotiated, net 3. 2), n1а nominal II 1. 3) а), original 2. 5), n1 pegged 1. 2), planned, premium 2. 5), n2&g1n3б present I 2. 2) а), published, quoted I 2. 2) а), I 2. 3) а), I 2. 4) а), reasonable 1. 2), regular 1. 1), set 2. 5), n1 special I 1. 6) а), standard 2. 5), n2 stated 1. 1), target 3. 2), threshold, total 2. 5), n4 usual, variable II 1. 2) а), advertise 1. 1), discount 2. 5), n1 suggest 1. 1)
aggregate price — совокупная [суммарная, общая, итоговая\] цена
Option is the right to buy or sell a specified quantity of a security at an agreed price. — Опцион — это право купить или продать определенное количество ценных бумаг по согласованной цене.
consumer-friendly [customer-friendly, user-friendly\] price — цена, приемлемая для потребителя [клиента, пользователя\]*; цена, дружественная к потребителю [клиенту, пользователю\]*
estimated price — ориентировочная [предполагаемая\] цена
The price was fabulous and so was the room and continental breakfast. — Цена была просто сказочной, так же как и комната, и континентальный завтрак.
famine prices — недоступные цены; дороговизна ( как при товарном голоде)
give-away price — бросовая цена, крайне низкая цена
honest price — честная цена, справедливая цена
prevailing price — преобладающая [господствующая\] цена
reduced price — сниженная [пониженная\] цена
remunerative price — выгодная [прибыльная\] цена; цена, дающая [обеспечивающая\] прибыль; цена, обеспечивающая получение прибыли
stable [steady, stationary\] prices — стабильные цены
top price — высшая [максимальная, потолочная\] цена
Prices are exclusive of VAT. — Цены не включают НДС.
VAT inclusive price, price inclusive of VAT — цена с НДС, цена с учетом НДС; цена, включая НДС
Prices shown are VAT inclusive. — Указанные цены включают НДС.
GST inclusive price, price inclusive of GST — австр., новозел. цена, включая налог на товары и услуги*; цена с учетом налога на товары и услуги*; цена с налогом на товары и услуги*
dollar price, price in dollars — цена в долларах
The real price in silver is only $0.229 a gallon. — Реальная цена в серебре составляет всего лишь $0.229 за галлон.
crude oil price ( COP) — цена на сырую нефть
Farmland prices are continuing to rise, but it's not so much due to farmers trying to outbid one another. — Цены на сельскохозяйственную землю продолжают расти, но это не так уж зависит от фермеров, старающихся перебить цены друг друга.
member price — цена для членов/участников
COMBS:
price decline, reduction in price(s), fall in price(s), decline in price(s), price decrease, decrease in price(s), downturn in price(s), price downturn, drop in price(s), drop of price(s), dip in price(s) — снижение [падение\] цен(ы)
jump [bounce\] in prices — скачок цен, резкое повышение цен
agricultural product prices, farm product prices — цены на сельскохозяйственную продукцию
price per gallon, per gallon price — цена за галлон
at a price of $1 per copy — по цене (в) 1 долл. за экземпляр
price per person — цена на (одного) человека, цена с человека
for half price — за половинную цену, за полцены
at current [present, going\] prices — по текущим ценам
at a greatly reduced price — по значительно сниженной цене, с большой скидкой
to sell (smth.) at a discount price — продавать (что-л.) со скидкой [с дисконтом\]
to sell at a sacrifice price — продавать по убыточной цене, продавать себе в убыток
to buy (smth.) at a premium price — покупать (что-л.) с премией [с надбавкой, по более высокой цене\]
at a price below $55 — по цене ниже $55
U.S. companies with a stock price above $500 — американские компании с ценами акций, превышающими $500
The base price under the contract is $21 per unit. — Базовая цена по контракту [в соответствии с контрактом\] составляет $21 за единицу.
Price before discount is $32.95. — Цена до скидки составляет $32.95.
The purchase price after discount is $51000. — Покупная цена после скидки — $51000.
to put a price on smth. — назначать цену за что-л., оценить что-л.
to make a price — объявлять цену, назначать цену
to arrive at a price — устанавливать цену, определять цену; договариваться о цене
to bargain on [about\] a price — торговаться о цене, торговаться из-за цены
to knock $1 off price — сбавлять [снижать\] цену на $1, делать скидку с цены на $1
to bring down [to cut, to lower, to reduce, to slash, to roll back, to shave, to undercut, to scale down, to force down, to put down, to send down, to squeeze down, to mark down\] prices, to send prices down, to put prices down, to ease prices — понижать [снижать, срезать\] цены
to hike [to increase, to mark up, to raise, to enhance, to bump up, to boost\] prices; to bid up prices, to push up prices, to force up prices, to send prices up, to send up prices — повышать цены; вздувать [взвинчивать\] цены
Natural gas, in particular, has increased in price during the past year. — В частности, за прошлый год подорожал природный газ.
to go down in price, to decrease in price, to fall in price, to decline in price, to sink in price, to drop in price — понижаться в цене, дешеветь
to keep to the price — придерживаться (какой-л.) цены
We will do our very best to keep the price as low as possible. — Мы приложим все усилия, чтобы сохранить цену на как можно более низком уровне.
to keep down prices, to keep prices down — не допускать повышения цен
to gripe about prices — выражать недовольство по поводу (высоких) цен, жаловаться на (высокие) цены
to administer prices, to regulate prices — регулировать цены
to control prices — регулировать [контролировать\] цены
prices eased [dropped, dipped\] — цены снизились [упали\]
prices tend downward(s)/upward(s) — цены имеют тенденцию к понижению/повышению
Prices closed firm yesterday. — Вчера цены окрепли к закрытию.
Gold prices closed down $3.80 to $554.60/oz. — Цены золота закрылись с понижением на $3,80, сократившись до уровня в $554,60 за унцию.
The price works out to [at\] $29. — Цена составляет 29 долларов.
See:absolute price, accounting price, acquisition price, actual price, adjustable price, adjusted price, administered price, admission price, advertised price, advertising price, after-hours price, agricultural price, all-in price, all-inclusive price, arbitrage price, arbitrage-free price, arm's length price, ask price, asked price, asking price, auction price, bargain price, bargain sale price, bargained price, base period price, base price, base-point price, basic price, basing-point price, basis price, best price, bid price, bond price, book price, border price, bride price, brideprice, budget price, budget-conscious price, budget-friendly price, budget-pleasing price, buy price, buyback price, buyer's price, buying price, C&F price, call price, cancellation price, cartel price, cash price, catalogue price, ceiling price, CFR price, CIF price, CIP price, clean price, close price, closing price, comparable prices, competitive price, consumer price, contract price, conversion price, 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insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, 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insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price 1. 1) а), cost, insurance, freight price 1. 3) а), cost, insurance, freight price 1. 1) а), cost, insurance, freight price 1. 3) а), а cost, insurance, freight price 1. 1) а), а cost, insurance, freight price 1. 1) а), б cost, insurance, freight price 1. 3) а) cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price 2., cost, insurance, freight price 2., cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price 2., cost, insurance, freight price2) общ. цена, жертва, платаATTRIBUTES:
at any price — любой ценой, во что бы то ни стало
not at any price — ни за что; ни при каких обстоятельствах
to pay the price — расплачиваться, уплатить цену
These individuals are often willing to pay the price for success by investing time, energy, and even money into developing their success. — Эти люди часто готовы платить за успех, вкладывая свое время, силы и даже деньги в достижение этого успеха.
We all have to pay a high price for freedom. — Мы все вынуждены дорого платить за свободу.
The price of progress was paid with the blood of the American Indian. — За прогресс было заплачено кровью американских индейцев.
Syn:worth 1. 2), value 1. 2)3) общ. ценностьabove [beyond, without\] price — бесценный
See:unpriced 2)2. гл.1) эк. назначать цену, оценивать (определять, по какой цене должен продаваться данный товар или услуга); указывать цену ( на товаре)the seller priced the house at $359000 — продавец оценил дом в $359000
to be priced at $10 — быть оцененным в $10
The book is priced at $30.00 plus shipping and handling of $5.00. — Книга оценена в 30 долл. плюс затраты на погрузку и перевозку в размере 5 долл.
See:misprice, overprice 1., preprice, price out 1., price-conscious, priced, pricer, pricing, reprice, underprice 1., unpriced2) эк. узнавать цену, прицениватьсяyou can price the different models and compare features — вы можете прицениться к разным моделям и сравнить характеристики
I did make the usual trip to the local home improvement store and priced the different models. — Я все-таки посетил местный магазин бытовых товаров и приценился к различным моделям.
* * *
abbrev.: PX price цена; стоимость; курс.* * *• /vt/ оценивать• 1) цена; 2) /stock exchange/ курс; 3) ценовой* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *сумма, которую следует уплатить при приобретении товара или услуги; обычно имеет денежное выражение-----денежное выражение обязательства произвести платеж за проданную продукцию, выполненные работы или оказанные услуги -
16 lay
I 1. lei past tense, past participle - laid; verb1) (to place, set or put (down), often carefully: She laid the clothes in a drawer / on a chair; He laid down his pencil; She laid her report before the committee.) legge (ned)2) (to place in a lying position: She laid the baby on his back.) legge3) (to put in order or arrange: She went to lay the table for dinner; to lay one's plans / a trap.) dekke på (bordet); (plan)legge4) (to flatten: The animal laid back its ears; The wind laid the corn flat.) legge flat5) (to cause to disappear or become quiet: to lay a ghost / doubts.) få til å legge seg, mane bort6) ((of a bird) to produce (eggs): The hen laid four eggs; My hens are laying well.) verpe, legge egg7) (to bet: I'll lay five pounds that you don't succeed.) vedde•- layer2. verb(to put, cut or arrange in layers: She had her hair layered by the hairdresser.) legge, legge lagvis- layabout- lay-by
- layout
- laid up
- lay aside
- lay bare
- lay by
- lay down
- lay one's hands on
- lay hands on
- lay in
- lay low
- lay off
- lay on
- lay out
- lay up
- lay waste II see lie II III lei adjective1) (not a member of the clergy: lay preachers.) legmann2) (not an expert or a professional (in a particular subject): Doctors tend to use words that lay people don't understand.) legfolk•- laymanIV lei noun(an epic poem.) kvadballade--------leggeIsubst. \/leɪ\/1) stilling, situasjon, posisjon, måten noe ligger på2) ( om tau) slagning (måte som tauverk er blitt slått på)3) ( slang) jobb, arbeid, spesialitet, bransje4) ( sjøfart) forhyring på part eller lott5) ( sjøfart) andel i hvalfangst e.l.6) (amer.) pris7) ( om høner e.l.) verping8) (slang, nedsettende) kvinnelig seksualpartnerhun er lett å få i sengen, hun er løs på tråden9) (slang, vulgært) nummer (samleie)IIsubst. \/ˈleɪ\/ ( poetisk)1) kvad, sang, ballade, vise2) fuglesangIIIverb \/leɪ\/pret. av ➢ lie, 4IV1) legge, plassere2) glatte, presse, slette, få til å ligge3) ( gammeldags eller overført) dempe, stilne, få til å legge seg4) ( om støv) dempe, binde5) dekke, duke, gjøre ferdig, gjøre istandlegge i peisen, lage bål6) dekke, dekke over, dekke til, legge på, beleggelegge farge på noe, smøre farge på noe, stryke farge på noegulvet er belagt med linoleum, gulvet har linoleumsbelegg7) ( overført) legge, legge på, ilegge, kaste, gi8) anlegge, bygge, legge, strekke9) ( ved gambling) sette, holde, vedde• I'll lay you £10 that the dark horse will win the race10) henlegge til, legge til, foregåscenen utspiller seg på badet, handlingen foregår på badet11) legge frem, forelegge, fremføre, fremlegge12) gjøre opp, tenke ut, bestemme seg for13) (sjøfart, om tau) slå, legge tauverklay a bet vedde, vedde på, inngå et veddemållay aboard eller lay alongside ( sjøfart) legge seg langsides (løpe tett opp langs siden på et skip for å entre det)lay about ( hverdagslig) gå løs på, slå vilt rundt seglay a charge anklage, komme med en anklage(for) ( sjøfart eller overført) holde stø kurs (mot) holde kursen (mot) stikke ut en kurs (mot), sette kurs (for\/mot)lay against vedde imotlay a ghost eller lay the ghost glemme vonde minnerlay a gun rette en kanon (mot), rette inn en kanonlay an egg ( om tabbe) legge et egglay an information against ( jus) angi, inngi anmeldelse pålay aside legge til side, sparereservere, sette avlegge bort, legge fra seg, legge til sidegi opp, slutte, legge av seglay back ( hverdagslig) slappe av, koble av, ta det roliglay bare blottlegge, røpe, avsløre, blottelay claim to gjøre krav pålay damages at ( jus) fastsette skadeserstatning til, fastsette skadeserstatninglay down legge ned, legge fra seglegge ned, nedlegge, stenge, gi oppofresatse, legge på bordet, holde, deponere• how much are you ready to lay down?bygge, konstruere, anleggefastsette, fastslå, sette opp, utarbeide• after independence, a new map was laid down( om lyd) ta opp, spille inn legge utlagre, legge ned, hermetisereanleggelay down one's arms legge ned våpnene, overgi seglay dry tørrleggelay eyes on ( litterært) kaste sitt blikk på, få øye pålay fallow ( jordbruk) legge brakklay flat slå ned, slå overende jevne med jordenlay for (amer., hverdagslig) snike på, legge seg på lur, legge seg i bakhold, holde seg klar til å slå tillay hands on angripe legge hendene på for å helbrede få tak ilay hold of gripe, fange, ta tak i( hverdagslig) tildele, få innlay in (there) ( hverdagslig) holde stø kurslay into ( hverdagslig) angripe fysisk eller verbalt gå inn for med liv og sjeloverdrive, smøre tjukt på irettesette strengtlay it on the line snakke åpent ut, legge kortene på bordetlay low slå ned, drepe, begrave slå ut, tvinge til å ligge til sengsfornedre, ydmykelay off legge til siden permittere, avskjedige, si opp krysse av, merke av, måle( hverdagslig) stå over, la være ( hverdagslig) kutte ut, slutte å irritere• lay off the complaining!( hesteveddeløp) vedde med en annen bookmaker for å dekke forventet tap i et løp beskytte et veddemål eller risikoprosjekt ved å ta en annen sjanse ( sjøfart) seile fra, legge fra, legge fra land ( sjøfart) ligge utenfor (en havn) ( hverdagslig) ta fri, hvile, hente seg inn ( fotball) sende en pasninglay on dekke med, applikere, legge påslå løs på, denge, gå til angrep pålegge inn, innstallere( hverdagslig) ordne, fikse, arrangere( hverdagslig) sette på sporetlay one's cards on the table ( overført) legge kortene på bordetlay oneself open to ( overført) blottstille seg, stille seg lagelig til (for hogg), gi anledning til, åpne forlay oneself out ( særlig britisk) anstrenge seg, legge seg i selenlay out legge ut, legge frem, legge utover, bre utstelle et lik, legge på likstrå ( hverdagslig) slå ut, slå sanseløs, slå ihjel legge ut penger, legge penger i anstrenge seg, gjøre en innsats, legge seg i selen planlegge, anlegge( typografi) lage layout legge ut (i det vide og det brede)lay over dekke over (amer., slang) overgå (spesielt amer.) hoppe over, utsette (amer.) gjøre et opphold, overnatte, ligge overlay siege to ( også overført) beleire, invaderelay someone low (hverdagslig, om sykdom) gjøre noen sengeliggende, svekke noenlay someone open to utsette noen for en risikolay someone to rest ( forskjønnende) legge noen til den siste hvile, stede til hvile, begrave noenlay something at someone's door ( overført) legge ansvar på noen, legge skyld på noenlay something on the table (særlig amer.) utsette noe på ubestemt tid, legge noe på hyllenlay store by sette pris på, verdsettelay up ( om penger eller verdier) legge (seg opp), samle, spare ( om sykdom e.l.) gjøre sengeliggende, sette ut av spill ( sjøfart) legge i opplag ( sjøfart) legge tauverk, slå ( golf) slå et løst slag for å unngå risiko ( murerfag) sette opp, konstruere ( overført) skaffe seg, pådra seglay waste eller lay something to waste ødelegge, legge øde, raserelay waste to ( overført) knuselay weight on legge vekt påVadj. \/ˈleɪ\/lekmanns-, lek- -
17 lay
I 1. [lei] past tense, past participle - laid; verb1) (to place, set or put (down), often carefully: She laid the clothes in a drawer / on a chair; He laid down his pencil; She laid her report before the committee.) položiti, odložiti, predložiti2) (to place in a lying position: She laid the baby on his back.) položiti3) (to put in order or arrange: She went to lay the table for dinner; to lay one's plans / a trap.) pripraviti4) (to flatten: The animal laid back its ears; The wind laid the corn flat.) poleči5) (to cause to disappear or become quiet: to lay a ghost / doubts.) razpršiti6) ((of a bird) to produce (eggs): The hen laid four eggs; My hens are laying well.) (z)nesti7) (to bet: I'll lay five pounds that you don't succeed.) staviti•- layer2. verb(to put, cut or arrange in layers: She had her hair layered by the hairdresser.) stopničasto pristriči- layabout- lay-by
- layout
- laid up
- lay aside
- lay bare
- lay by
- lay down
- lay one's hands on
- lay hands on
- lay in
- lay low
- lay off
- lay on
- lay out
- lay up
- lay waste II see lie II III [lei] adjective1) (not a member of the clergy: lay preachers.) laičen2) (not an expert or a professional (in a particular subject): Doctors tend to use words that lay people don't understand.) navaden•- laymanIV [lei] noun(an epic poem.)* * *I [lei]1.transitive verbpoložiti, polagati, odložiti, odlagati, postaviti; (z)nesti jajca, pripraviti (kurjavo, mizo) prekriti podložiti obložiti ( with, tla itd. s čim); nanesti (barvo); predložiti, vložiti (npr. zahtevo, before pri); pripisati, pripisovati (to komu); zasnovati (načrt); poleči (žito); pomiriti, umiriti, ublažiti (veter, valove); military nameriti (top); splesti (vrv); naložiti (kazen), na.ložiti jih komu; zastaviti (čast, glavo); vulgar spolno občevati;2.intransitive verbvaliti (jajca); stavitito lay an accusation against — obtožiti, vložiti tožboto lay bare — razgaliti, odkritito lay one's bones — položiti svoje kosti, pokopatito lay claim to — postaviti svojo zahtevo; zahtevati kaj zaseto lay the cloth ( —ali the table) — pogrniti, pripraviti mizoto lay the dust — poškropiti, da se poleže prahto lay eyes on — zagledati, opazitito lay fault to s.o. — pripisati komu krivdoto lay one's finger on — s prstom kaj pokazati, najtito lay a finger on — položiti roko na koga, tepstito lay for — zalezovati, čakati v zasedito lay hands on — dobiti v roke, polastiti se, dvigniti roko na kogato lay hands on o.s. — napraviti samomorto lay hold on ( —ali of) — zgrabiti, prijeti; figuratively ujeti se za kajto lay one's hopes on — veliko pričakovati od, staviti upe nato lay heads together — stikati glave, posvetovati seto lay s.th. to heart — gnati si kaj k srau, položiti na srceto lay low ( —ali in the dust) — podreti, pobiti na tla; figuratively ponižatito lay open — odkriti, razodetito lay o.s. open — izpostaviti seto lay s.th. on the shelf — odložiti kakšno deloto lay (great, little) store upon — pripisovati (veliko, majhno) važnost čemuto lay s.o. under an obligation — naložiti komu nalogoto lay s.o. under necessity — prisiliti kogato lay s.o. under contribution — pripraviti koga, da kaj prispevato lay the whip to s.o.'s back — (pre)bičati kogaII [lei]preteriteod lie4III [lei]noun(zemljepisna) lega, položaj; smer, usmerjenost; delitev ribiškega ulova; slang delo, poklic; American delež pri dobičku, zaslužek, cena, nakupni pogojithe lay of the land — topografska lega; figuratively situacija, položajIV [lei]adjectiveposveten, laičenlay clerk — cerkveni pevec, župnijski pisarlay lord — član angl. Zgornjega dorna, ki se ne bavi z zakonodajoV [lei]nounpoetically pesem, napev, balada -
18 lay
I [leɪ] II [leɪ]1) [ worker] non esperto, non specializzato2) relig. [preacher, member] laicoIII [leɪ]nome pop. spreg. chiavata f., scopata f.IV 1. [leɪ]verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. laid)1) (place) posare, porre, mettere [object, card]; (spread out) stendere [rug, blanket, covering]; (arrange) collocare, disporre; deporre [ wreath]to lay hands on sth. — fig. (find) mettere mano a qcs.
to lay hands on sb. — relig. imporre le mani su qcn
2) (set for meal) apparecchiare, mettere [ table]4) (fix in place) posare [carpet, tiles, cable, mine]; costruire [railway, road]5) zool. deporre [ egg]6) fig. sporgere [charge, complaint]; muovere [ accusation]; gettare [curse, spell]to lay stress o emphasis on sth. — porre l'accento su qcs
8) pop. (have sex with) scopare2.- lay by- lay down- lay in- lay into- lay off- lay on- lay open- lay out- lay up••to lay a finger o hand on sb. — (beat) alzare un dito contro qcn., mettere le mani addosso a qcn
* * *I 1. [lei] past tense, past participle - laid; verb1) (to place, set or put (down), often carefully: She laid the clothes in a drawer / on a chair; He laid down his pencil; She laid her report before the committee.)2) (to place in a lying position: She laid the baby on his back.)3) (to put in order or arrange: She went to lay the table for dinner; to lay one's plans / a trap.)4) (to flatten: The animal laid back its ears; The wind laid the corn flat.)5) (to cause to disappear or become quiet: to lay a ghost / doubts.)6) ((of a bird) to produce (eggs): The hen laid four eggs; My hens are laying well.)7) (to bet: I'll lay five pounds that you don't succeed.)•- layer2. verb(to put, cut or arrange in layers: She had her hair layered by the hairdresser.) scalare; fare a strati- layabout- lay-by
- layout
- laid up
- lay aside
- lay bare
- lay by
- lay down
- lay one's hands on
- lay hands on
- lay in
- lay low
- lay off
- lay on
- lay out
- lay up
- lay waste II see lie II III [lei] adjective1) (not a member of the clergy: lay preachers.)2) (not an expert or a professional (in a particular subject): Doctors tend to use words that lay people don't understand.)•- laymanIV [lei] noun(an epic poem.)* * *I [leɪ] adjRel laico (-a), secolare, (brother, sister) laico (-a), (fig: non-specialist) profano (-a)II [leɪ] ptSee:lie IIIII [leɪ] laid pt, pp1. vt1) (put, set) mettere, posare, (carpet) stendere, (bricks) posare, (cable, pipe) installare, fare la posa di, (trail) lasciare, (subj: bird: egg) deporre, fareto lay the facts/one's proposals before sb — presentare i fatti/delle proposte a qn
to be laid to rest — (euph: buried) essere sepolto (-a)
to get laid fam! — scopare fam!
to lay o.s. open to attack/criticism — esporsi agli attacchi/alle critiche
to lay claim to sth — reclamare qc, accampare diritti mpl su qc
to lay odds or a bet on sth — scommettere su qc
3) (settle: ghost) placare, esorcizzare, (doubts, fears) eliminare, dissipare2. vi(bird) fare le uova, deporre le uova•- lay by- lay down- lay in- lay into- lay off- lay on- lay out- lay over- lay up* * *lay (1) /leɪ/n.1 [u] disposizione; posizione; configurazione: the lay of the land, la configurazione del terreno; (fig.) la situazione attuale4 (fam.) ramo d'affari; lavoro; attività5 (fam.) prezzo6 (volg.) scopata, chiavata (volg.)lay (2) /leɪ/n.(letter.) lai; canzone; lamento.lay (3) /leɪ/a. attr.2 incompetente; profano● (leg., in Inghil.) lay judge, giudice onorario ( non di carriera); giudice di pace □ lay reader, (relig.) predicatore laico; (fig.) profano □ (relig.) lay sister, sorella laica; conversa □ lay status, laicato; condizione secolare.lay (4) /leɪ/pass. di to lie (2).♦ (to) lay /leɪ/(pass. e p. p. laid)A v. t.1 posare; porre; mettere; mettere a posto; collocare; distendere; stendere; spalmare: He laid the keys on the desk, ha posato le chiavi sulla scrivania; to lay bricks, posare i mattoni l'uno sull'altro; to lay the foundation of st., porre (o gettare) le fondamenta di qc.; to lay a railway track, posare un binario; to lay the cloth, stendere (o mettere) la tovaglia; to lay a bomb, mettere una bomba; to lay paint [plaster], stendere la vernice [l'intonaco]2 deporre, fare ( uova); fare le uova: Hens lay eggs, le galline fanno le uova; Reptiles lay eggs, i rettili depongono le uova3 calmare; acquietare; smorzare; fugare; placare: The rain has laid the dust, la pioggia ha smorzato la polvere; to lay sb. 's doubts, fugare ogni dubbio dalla mente di q.4 preparare; progettare; elaborare; fare: to lay a fire, preparare (o disporre la legna, il carbone per) il fuoco; to lay one's plans carefully, preparare accuratamente i propri piani5 mettere innanzi a; esporre; presentare; muovere ( accuse): The lawyer laid his case before the court, l'avvocato ha presentato (o ha esposto) il caso al tribunale6 imporre; dare ( ordini, ecc.): to lay heavy taxes on st., imporre balzelli gravosi su qc.; to lay strict injunctions on sb., dare severi ordini a q.7 coprire; ricoprire; rivestire: to lay a floor with wall-to-wall carpeting, coprire un pavimento con la moquette8 scommettere; fare ( una scommessa); puntare: We laid a wager on who would come in first, facemmo una scommessa su chi sarebbe arrivato primo; I'll lay ten pounds that she'll be late, scommetto dieci sterline che arriverà in ritardo9 appianare; spianare; lisciare10 attribuire; ascrivere; imputare: The murder was laid to a neighbour, un vicino di casa è stato ritenuto responsabile dell'assassinioB v. i.● (fig.) to lay st. at sb. 's door, dare la colpa di qc. a q. □ (fig.) aprire: to lay bare one's heart, mettere a nudo il proprio cuore □ to lay the blame for st. on sb., attribuire la colpa di qc. a q. □ (fig.) to lay sb. by the heels, imprigionare q.; incarcerare q. □ to lay claim to, avanzare una pretesa su; pretendere a: The prince laid claim to the English throne, il principe pretendeva al trono d'Inghilterra □ (leg.) to lay a claim to a right, rivendicare un diritto □ to lay a course, (naut.) seguire una rotta; (fig.) seguire una linea di condotta □ (leg., ass.) to lay damages at a certain sum, fissare una certa somma come risarcimento dei danni □ to lay eyes on, gettare l'occhio (o lo sguardo) su □ (agric.) to lay fallow, lasciare ( un terreno) a maggese □ to lay a finger on, toccare ( con intenzioni ostili): Don't you dare lay a finger on him!, non azzardarti a toccarlo neanche con un dito! □ to lay sb. flat, abbattere (o buttare a terra) q.; stendere q. (fam.) □ to lay great [little] store upon st., dare grande [scarsa] importanza a qc. □ to lay hands on oneself, uccidersi; suicidarsi □ to lay hands on sb., mettere le mani addosso a q.; (relig.) imporre le mani su q. ( per consacrarlo, ordinarlo sacerdote) □ to lay hands on st., metter le mani su qc.; impadronirsi di qc. □ (fig.) to lay heads together, mettersi insieme a discutere (o a far progetti) □ to lay a hedge, mettere a dimora una siepe □ to lay hold of (o on), afferrare (o prendere); (fig.) approfittare di, trarre vantaggio da □ to lay one's hopes on sb., riporre le proprie speranze in q. □ to lay sb. low, abbattere (o atterrare) q.; (fig.: di malattia) buttare giù q. □ to lay oneself open to attack, prestare il fianco agli attacchi □ to lay open, scoprire, esporre; svelare; tagliare, spaccare: to lay open a wound, scoprire una ferita; to lay open a plot, svelare una congiura; to lay one's cheek [arm, leg] open, prodursi uno squarcio in una guancia [un braccio, una gamba] □ (stor.) to lay siege to a castle, mettere l'assedio a un castello □ to lay a trap, [an ambush], tendere una trappola, [un'imboscata] □ ( slang autom., USA) to lay some rubber, sgommare; partire sgommando □ to lay stress (o emphasis) on st., dare un gran peso a qc. □ to lay the table, apparecchiare (la tavola): DIALOGO → - Dinner 2- Can you lay the table?, puoi apparecchiare? □ to lay st. to sb. 's charge, dare la colpa di qc. a q. □ to lay st. to heart, prendersi a cuore qc. □ (fig. eufem.) to lay sb. to rest (o to sleep), seppellire q. □ to lay waste, devastare, mettere a ferro e fuoco ( un paese, ecc.).NOTA D'USO: - to lay / to lie-* * *I [leɪ] II [leɪ]1) [ worker] non esperto, non specializzato2) relig. [preacher, member] laicoIII [leɪ]nome pop. spreg. chiavata f., scopata f.IV 1. [leɪ]verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. laid)1) (place) posare, porre, mettere [object, card]; (spread out) stendere [rug, blanket, covering]; (arrange) collocare, disporre; deporre [ wreath]to lay hands on sth. — fig. (find) mettere mano a qcs.
to lay hands on sb. — relig. imporre le mani su qcn
2) (set for meal) apparecchiare, mettere [ table]4) (fix in place) posare [carpet, tiles, cable, mine]; costruire [railway, road]5) zool. deporre [ egg]6) fig. sporgere [charge, complaint]; muovere [ accusation]; gettare [curse, spell]to lay stress o emphasis on sth. — porre l'accento su qcs
8) pop. (have sex with) scopare2.- lay by- lay down- lay in- lay into- lay off- lay on- lay open- lay out- lay up••to lay a finger o hand on sb. — (beat) alzare un dito contro qcn., mettere le mani addosso a qcn
-
19 shade
shade [ʃeɪd]1 noun∎ to sit in the shade s'asseoir à l'ombre;∎ 45 degrees in the shade 45 degrés à l'ombre;∎ in the shade of a tree à l'ombre d'un arbre;∎ these trees give plenty of shade ces arbres font beaucoup d'ombre;∎ the use of light and shade in the painting l'utilisation f des ombres et des lumières ou du clair-obscur dans le tableau;∎ figurative to put sb in the shade éclipser qn;∎ his achievements really put mine in the shade ses réalisations éclipsent vraiment les miennes∎ a different shade of green un ton de vert différent, une autre nuance de vert;∎ an attractive shade of blue un joli bleu;∎ all shades of political opinion were represented toutes les nuances politiques étaient représentées, tous les courants politiques étaient représentés;∎ Computing shades of grey niveaux mpl ou tons mpl de gris∎ to pull the shades (down) baisser les stores∎ Mythology the Shades les Enfers mpl, le royaume des ombres(a) (screen → eyes, face) abriter; (→ place) ombrager, donner de l'ombre à; (of hat → face) obscurcir;∎ to shade one's eyes with one's hand s'abriter les yeux de la main;∎ to shade sth from the sun protéger qch du soleil(b) (cover → light, lightbulb) masquer, voiler∎ I've shaded the background green j'ai coloré l'arrière-plan en vert∎ to shade prices établir des prix dégressifs;∎ prices shaded for quantities tarif m dégressif pour le gros(merge) se dégrader, se fondre;∎ the blue shades into purple le bleu se fond en violet;∎ these categories shade into one another ces catégories se confondent;∎ questions of right and wrong tend to shade into each other les questions du bien et du mal ont tendance à se rejoindre∎ she's a shade better today elle va un tout petit peu mieux aujourd'hui;∎ his books are just a shade too sentimental for me ses livres sont un peu trop sentimentaux pour moi∎ the shades of evening les ombres fpl du soir(c) (reminder, echo) échos mpl;∎ shades of Proust des échos mpl proustiens;∎ there are shades of 1968 ça rappelle 1968(background) hachurer, tramer; (with colour) colorer(change by degrees → colours) dégrader∎ red shading off into pink du rouge qui se fond en rose -
20 atender
atender ( conjugate atender) verbo intransitivo atender a algo/algn to pay attention to sth/sbc) ( prestar un servicio):en esa tienda atienden muy mal the service is very bad in that store verbo transitivo 1a) ‹ paciente›:◊ ¿qué médico la atiende? which doctor usually sees you?;los atendieron enseguida en el hospital they were seen immediately at the hospital; no tiene quien lo atienda he has no one to look after him ( en tienda) to serve;◊ ¿la están atendiendo? are you being served?‹ llamada› to answer; ‹ demanda› to meet 2 ‹consejo/advertencia› to listen to atenderse verbo pronominal (AmL):◊ ¿con qué médico se atiende? which doctor usually sees you?
atender
I verbo transitivo to attend to, help (una solicitud) to agree to
II vi (escuchar) to pay attention [a, to] ' atender' also found in these entries: Spanish: contienda - cuidar - despachar - razón - sacrificar - atienda - señorita - vigilar English: attend - attend to - cater - deal with - man - minister - nurse - pressing - serve - answer - care - deal - look - mind - reason - see - tend - wait
См. также в других словарях:
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